Words to know for music theory (Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music)
Grade 1 (Italian) (English) Accelerando (pr accel.) gradually getting quicker Adagio slow Allegretto fairly quick (but not as quick as allegro) Allegro quick (literally ‘cheerful’) Andante at a medium (walking) speed Cantabile in a singing style Crescendo (or cresc.) gradually getting louder D.C. (da capo) repeat from the beginning D.S. (dal segno) repeat from the sign Decrescendo (or decresc.) gradually getting quieter Diminuendo (or dim.) gradually getting quieter Fine the end F (= forte) loud Ff (= fortissimo) very loud Legato smoothly Lento slow Mezzo half mf (= mezzo forte) moderately loud (literally ‘half’loud) Mp (= mezzo piano) moderately quiet (literally ‘half quiet) Moderato moderately (allegro moderato: moderately quick) P (=piano) quiet Pp (=pianissimo) very quiet Poco a little Rallentando (or rall) getting gradually slower Ritardando (or riten or rit) getting gradually slower Ritenuto held back Staccato detached Tempo speed, time (a tempo: in time) Words to know for A.B.R.S.M.music grade theory 2. As well as the Grade One words you are expected to know all the following words in Italian.
Italian English A at,to,by,for, in, in the styles of Al, alla to the, in the manner of (alla Marcia: in the style of a march) Allargando slightly faster than adante (but may also mean slightly slower) Assai very (allegro assai: very quick) Con, col with Dolce sweet, soft E, ed and Espressivo (or espress. Or espr.) expressive Fp (= fortepiano) loud, them immediately soft Giocoso playful, merry Grave very slow, solemn Grazioso graceful Larghetto rather slow (but not as slow as largo) Largo slow, stately Ma but Maestoso majestic Meno less Molto, yery / much Mosso, moto movement (meno mosso: slower con moto: with movement) Non not Piu more Presto fast (faster than allegro) Senza without Sf, sfz (= sforzando or forced, accented Sforzato) Simile (or sim) in the same way Sostenuto sustained Tenuto held Troppo too much (non troppo: not too much) Vivace / vivo lively / quick
A simple way of putting music terms is
A + L Faster Allegro Allegretto
A+ D Slower Adagio Andante Andantino
Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music Italian words to know for Grade 3 Music
Adagietto rather slow (but faster than adagio) Ad libitum, ad lib. At choice, meaning that a passage may be played freely Agitato agitated Alla breve with a minimum beat, equivalent to ,implying a faster tempo than the note values might suggest Amore love (amoroso: loving) Anima soul, spirirt (con anima, can mean’with feeling’ or ‘spirited Animato animated, lively (animando, becoming more lively) Ben well Brio vigour (con brio: with vigour, lively) Comodo convenient (tempo comodo: at a comfortable speed) Deciso with determination Delicate delicate Energico energetic Forza force Largamente broadly Leggiero light, nimble Marcato, marc. Emphatic, accented Marziale in a military style Mesto sad Pasante heavy Prima, primo first Risoluto bold, strong Ritmico rhythmically Rubato, tempo rubato with some freedom of time Scherzando, scherzoso playful, joking Seconda, secondo secondo Semplice simple, plain Sempre always Stringendo gradually getting faster Subito suddenly Tanto so much Tranquillo calm Triste, tristamante sad, sorrowful Volta time (prima volta: first time; seconda volta: second time)
Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music Italian words to know for Grade 4 Music
Affetuoso tenderly Affrettando hurrying Amabile amiable, pleasant Appassionato with passion Calando getting softer, dying away (and usually slowing) Cantando singing Come as, similar to (come prima: as before; come sopra: as above) Facile easy Fuoco fire Giusto proper, exact (tempo giusto: in strict tme) L’istesso the same (l’istesso tempo: at the same speed) Morendo dying away Niente nothing Nobilmente nobly Perdendosi dying away Possible possible (prento possible: as fast as possible) Quasi as if, resembling Sonoro resonant, with rich tone Sopra above Sotto: below (sotto voce: in an undertone) Veloce swift Voce voice
Grade 4 French language vocabulary to learn A to, at Anime animated, lively Assez enough, sufficiently Avec with Cedez yield, relax the speed Douce sweet En dehors prominent (a direction to make a melody stand out) Et and Legerement light Lent slow Mais but Moins less Modere at a moderate speed Non not Peu little Plus more Presser hurry (en passant: hurrying on) Ralentir slow down Retenu held back (en retenant: holding back, slowing a little) Sans without Tres very Un, une one Vif lively Vite quick Associated Board of Royal Schools of Music Italian words to know for Grade 5 Music Attacca go straight on to the next section of music Dolente sad, mournful Dolore grief (doloroso: sorrowful Doppio movimento twice as fast estinto as soft as possible, lifeless incalzando getting quicker lacrimoso sad loco at the normal pitch (used to cancel and 8va direction) hunga long (hunga pausa: long pause) lusingando coaxing, in a sweet and persuasive style misura measure (alla misura: in strict time; senza misura: in free time) ossia or, alternatively piacevole pleasant piangevole plaintive, in the style of a lament pochettino, poch. Rather little rinforzando, rf, rfz reinforcing segue go straight on smorzando, smorz. Dying away in tone and speed teramente, tenerezza tenderly, tenderness tosto swift, rapid (but often used in the same sense as troppo) volante flying, fast
German words to learn for Grade 5 Music
Aber but Ausdruck expression Bewegt with movement, agitated Breit broad, expansive Ein a, one Einfach simple Etwas somewhat, rather Frohlich cheerful, joyful Immer always Langsam slow Lebhaft lively Massig at a moderate speed Mit with Nicht not Ohne without Ruhig peaceful Schnell fast Sehr very Suss sweet Traurig sad Und and Voll full Wenig little Wieder again Zart tender, delicate Zu to, too
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